Part 2 · Specialized Business Topics

At-Risk & Passive Activity: At-Risk & Passive Activity Limitations

At-Risk & Passive Activity: At-Risk & Passive Activity Limitations is a critical concept in EA Exam Part 2, Specialized Business Topics. This topic covers essential tax principles that frequently appear on the exam. Understanding at-risk & passive activity limitations is crucial for passing Part 2.

At-Risk & Passive Activity Limitations: EA Exam Part 2 at a glance, what is tested and the IRS references

Quick answer

At-risk and passive-activity limitations stack on top of basis to limit business losses. The at-risk rules limit losses to amounts the taxpayer could actually lose; the passive rules limit losses from activities without material participation.

At-Risk & Passive Activity Limitations is tested on EA Exam Part 2 (Specialized Business Topics). Primary IRS reference: IRC §465.

About this EA exam topic

At-risk and passive-activity limitations stack on top of basis to limit business losses. The at-risk rules limit losses to amounts the taxpayer could actually lose; the passive rules limit losses from activities without material participation.

The EA exam tests the ordering: basis limit, then at-risk, then passive-activity limits, and the carryforward of amounts disallowed at each stage.

What you'll be tested on

  • At-risk amount and what increases/decreases it
  • Ordering of basis, at-risk, and passive limits
  • Carryforward of disallowed losses
  • Nonrecourse vs. recourse financing in at-risk

How to prepare

  • Apply the limits in order: basis → at-risk → passive.
  • Remember most nonrecourse debt is not at-risk.
  • Track separate carryforwards for each limitation.

Practice questions for At-Risk & Passive Activity Limitations

What this topic covers

At-Risk & Passive Activity Limitations appears in Part 2: Business Taxation within the Specialized Business Topics domain. VantageEA practice questions focus on how at-risk & passive activity rules are applied in realistic EA exam fact patterns.

What candidates practice

Candidates practice identifying tested facts, choosing the best multiple-choice answer, and reviewing explanations tied to IRC §465, IRC §469. This topic supports timed 100-question PSI-style mock tests and shorter topic review sessions.

Related practice-question themes include at-risk, passive-activity, loss-limitations, material-participation.

Topic overview

Exam partPart 2: Business Taxation
DomainSpecialized Business Topics
TopicAt-Risk & Passive Activity
Difficultyeasy to medium to hard
Last updated2025-tax-year

Official IRS sources

Related keywords

at-riskpassive-activityloss-limitationsmaterial-participation

Frequently asked questions

How do at-risk and passive rules interact?

Losses pass the basis limit, then the at-risk limit, then the passive-activity limit; amounts disallowed at any stage carry forward.

Which part?

Part 2 (Businesses).

Reference?

IRS Publication 925.

Practice this topic.

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